• 2nd Umayyad Caliph
• Reign:

Wikipedia: English [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yazid_I. German]

According to some sources Muawiyah warned his son Yazid against mistreating Hussein ibn Ali, grandson of Muhammad. His final warning to Yazid was: "Be careful O my son, that you do not meet God with his blood, lest you be amongst those that will perish".

The appointment of Yazid was unpopular in Madina too.

Yazid was killed by his own horse after it lost control, his remains never being confirmed to have been found. Yazid died at the age of 36 (age 37 in Hijri-Lunar calculation) after he had ruled for three years. He was succeeded by his son Muawiyah II. Yazid was buried in Damascus. Although it is thought that his grave no longer exists, a few believe that it is located in a small street near Umayyad Mosque, without any mark or distinction.

Some scholars regard Yazid as a just, noble, religious and administratively efficient ruler and that his nomination by his father Muawiya as caliph was proper.[22] Notable contemporaries such as Ibn Abbas and Muhammad bin Hanfia regard Muawiya's nomination of Yazid as sincere and proper as Muawiya genuinely believed that Yazid had the qualifications of being the leader of Muslims.[23]

Muslim tradition regards Caliph Yazid I as a tyrant who was responsible for three major actions during the Second Fitna that were considered atrocities: the death of Husayn ibn Ali and his followers at the Battle of Karbala, considered a massacre; the aftermath of the Battle of al-Harrah, in which the troops of Yazid's general Muslim bin Uqbah al-Marri pillaged the town of Medina; and the burning of the Kaaba during Siege of Mecca, which was blamed on Yazid's commander Husayn ibn Numayr.

[... An infidel, who did not believe in any religion, although a crucifix given by his Christian mother used to dangle from his neck, Yazid was a drunkard and frequently asked his slaves to sodomize him. In the three years that he illegally ruled the Islamic realm, before his sudden death at the age of 36, he committed three unpardonable crimes against humanity. The first was the cruel martyrdom of the Prophet’s younger grandson, Imam Husain (AS), and its equally cruel aftermath when the noble ladies and children of the Ahl al-Bayt were brought to his court in Damascus along with the heads of martyrs, at whose sight he exultantly declared that neither revelation had come from heaven nor there is any day of resurrection. His second cardinal sin was the incident of Harrah when his forces slaughtered hundreds of companions of the Prophet and then for three days butchered as many as 10,000 people of the holy city of Medina, where the Prophet's Mosque was desecrated and thousands of women raped. His third blasphemous crime was the storming of the holy Ka’ba in Mecca with fire and brimstone that ended with his sudden death in Damascus as a result of divine wrath while on a hunting trip. Only the charred leg of Yazid was found, and today there is no trace of his grave.]

events: Battle of Karbala

[Some scholars have derived the name Yazidi from Old Iranian yazata (divine being), though the current consensus among Western academics is a derivation from Yazid b. Moʿāwiya,revered by the Yazidis as an incarnation of the divine figure Sultan Ēzi. (Kreyenbroek, 1995, p. 3.]

یزید بن معاویه یَزید بن معاویة بن ابی‌سفیان (۲۶-۶۴ق)، دومین حاکم اموی است که به دستور وی، امام حسین(ع) و یارانش در کربلا به شهادت رسیدند. یزید پس از پدرش معاویه، سه سال و هشت ماه حکومت کرد و در این مدت، دست به سه جنایت مهم زد: در سال ۶۱ قمری، واقعه کربلا را رقم زد، سال ۶۳ قمری به مدینه حمله کرد که به کشته شدن هزاران نفر از صحابه و حافظان قرآن انجامید و به واقعه حره معروف شد و در سال ۶۴ قمری نیز برای سرکوب مخالفانش، به مکه حمله کرد و کعبه را با منجنیق هدف آتش قرار داد.

بر اساس منابع تاریخی، یزید به صورت آشکارا شراب می‌نوشید و طبعی شاعرانه داشت. او نخستین کسی بود که بر خلاف سنت خلفای پیشین، با انتصاب پدرش و به صورت موروثی به خلافت رسید. همچنین برگزیدن او بر خلاف صلح‌نامه امام حسن با معاویه بود. یزید از چهره‌های منفور نزد شیعیان است. شیعیان و گروهی از اهل‌سنت، با استناد به کارهایی که یزید در دوران خلافتش انجام داد، او را سزاوار لعن می‌دانند و در برخی از روایات، به لعن او تصریح شده است.

Yazid ibn Mu'awiyah ibn Abi Sufyan (26-64 AH) est le deuxième dirigeant omeyyade qui a été martyrisé à Karbala par son ordre, l'imam Hussein (AS) et ses compagnons. Yazid a régné pendant trois ans et huit mois après son père Mu'awiyah, période pendant laquelle il a commis trois crimes importants: en 61 AH, il a enregistré l'événement de Karbala, en 63 AH, il a attaqué Médine, tuant des milliers de personnes. Les compagnons et les mémorisateurs du Coran ont conduit à l'événement de Harra, et en l'an 64 AH, pour supprimer ses adversaires, il a attaqué la Mecque et a tiré sur la Kaaba avec une catapulte.

Selon des sources historiques, Yazid buvait du vin ouvertement et avait un caractère poétique. Contrairement à la tradition des califes précédents, il fut le premier à hériter du califat avec la nomination de son père. Son élection était également contraire au traité de l'Imam Hassan avec Mu'awiyah. Yazid est l'une des figures détestées parmi les chiites. Les chiites et un groupe de sunnites, sur la base des actes que Yazid a accomplis pendant son califat, le considèrent digne de la malédiction, et dans certains récits, sa malédiction a été spécifiée.

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