
'The History of California Spanish Missions'
California
Main article: Spanish missions in California
The Missionaries as They Came and Went. Franciscans of the California missions donned gray habits, in contrast to the brown that is typically worn today.[15] The Spanish missions in California comprise a series of religious and military outposts established by Spanish Catholics of the Franciscan Order between 1769 and 1823 to spread the Christian faith among the local Native Americans. The missions represented the first major effort by Europeans to colonize the Pacific Coast region, and gave Spain a valuable toehold in the frontier land. The settlers introduced European livestock, fruits, vegetables, cattle, horses and ranching into the California region; however, the Spanish occupation of California also brought with it serious negative consequences to the Native American populations with whom the missionaries came in contact. The government of Mexico shut down the missions in the 1830s. In the end, the mission had mixed results in its objective to convert, educate, and "civilize" the indigenous population and transforming the natives into Spanish colonial citizens. Today, the missions are among the state's oldest structures and the most-visited historic monuments. Many were founded by Junipero Serra, a Franciscan friar. California Spanish Missions
Mission Period (1769-1833)
List of California Missions:
Mission San Francisco Solano
Mission San Rafael
Mission San Francisco de Asís
Mission San José
Mission Santa Clara
Mission Santa Cruz
Mission San Juan Bautista
Mission San Carlos Borroméo
Mission La Soledad
Mission San Antonio
Mission San Miguel
Mission San Luis Obispo
Mission La Purísima
Mission Santa Inés
Mission Santa Barbara
Mission San Buenaventura
Mission San Fernando
Mission San Gabriel
Mission San Juan Capistrano
Mission San Luis Rey
Mission San Diego de Alcalá
Significant People of the Missions:
In Northern California, specific tribes are associated geographically with certain missions
Mission Dolores in an Francisco (Muwekma Ohlone)
Mission San Jose in Fremont (Muwekma Ohlone)
Mission Santa Clara in Santa Clara/San Jose (Muwekma Ohlone)
Mission Santa Cruz in Santa Cruz (Amah-Mutsun Band of Costanoan Ohlone)
Mission San Juan Bautista in San Juan Bautista (Amah-Mutsun Band of Costanoan Ohlone)
Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo in Carmel/Monterey (Esselen nation)
Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad in Soledad (Esselen nation)
Mission San Antonio de Padua in Jolon. (Esselen nation and Salinan nation)
Current mission Indian tribes include the following in Southern California:
Agua Caliente Band of Mission Indians (Cahuilla)
Augustine Band of Mission Indians (Cahuilla)
Barona Band of Mission Indians (Kumeyaay/Diegueño)
Cabazon Band of Mission Indians (Cahuilla)
Cahuilla Band of Mission Indians (Cahuilla)
Campo Band of Mission Indians (Kumeyaay/Diegueño)
Capitan Grande Band of Mission Indians (Kumeyaay/Diegueño)
Cuyapaipe Band of Mission Indians (Kumeyaay/Diegueño)
Giant Rock Band (unrecognized) of Morongo Serrano-Cahuilla.
Inaja and Cosmit Band of Mission Indians (Kumeyaay/Diegueño)
Jamul Band of Mission Indians (Kumeyaay/Diegueño)
Juaneño Band of Mission Indians (Juaneño)
Laguna Band of Mission Indians of the Laguna Reservation
La Jolla Band of Mission Indians (Luiseño)
La Posta Band of Mission Indians (Kumeyaay/Diegueño)
Las Palmas Band (unrecognized) of Cahuilla.
Los Coyotes Band of Mission Indians (Cahuilla and Cupeño)
Manzanita Band of Mission Indians (Kumeyaay/Diegueño)
Mesa Grande Band of Mission Indians (Kumeyaay/Diegueño)
Mission Creek Band of Mission Indians - Mission Creek Reservation of Cahuilla.
Morongo Band of Mission Indians (Cahuilla, Serrano and Cupeño)
Pala Band of Mission Indians (Cupeño and Luiseño)
Pauma Band of Mission Indians (Luiseño)
Pechanga Band of Mission Indians (Luiseño)
Ramona Band or Village of Mission Indians (Cahuilla)
San Cayetano Band (unrecognized) of Cahuilla
San Manuel Band of Mission Indians (Serrano)
San Miguel Arcangel,[10] descandants of Mission San Miguel Indians in San Miguel, California.
San Pasqual Band of Mission Indians (Kumeyaay/Diegueño)
Santa Rosa Band of Mission Indians (Cahuilla)
Santa Ynez Band of Mission Indians (Chumash)
Santa Ysabel Band of Mission Indians (Kumeyaay/Diegueño)
Soboba Band of Mission Indians (Luiseño)
Sycuan Band of Mission Indians (Kumeyaay/Diegueño)
Temecula Band (unrecognized) of Mission Indians (Luiseño and Serrano).
Torres-Martinez Band of Mission Indians (Cahuilla)
Twenty-Nine Palms Band of Mission Indians[11] (Chemehuevi with some Cahuilla and Luiseño descent)[12]
Current Mission Indian tribes north of the present day ones listed above, in the Los Angeles Basin, Central Coast, Salinas Valley, Monterey Bay and San Francisco Bay Areas also were identified with the local Mission of their Indian Reductions in those regions.[citation needed]
Sources:
- El Camino Real Spanish and Mexican Periods
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_California
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission_San_Diego_de_Alcal%C3%A1
- http://www.seecalifornia.com/missions/directory.html
- http://www.californiamissionguide.com/